Tuesday, February 6, 2018

Lobomycosis: The Dormant Fungal Infection


Mycosis is the medical term used to describe fungal infections.  Fungal infections are common throughout the world; infecting the skin, organs or bloodstream.  Some infections span multiple locations while others stay local to certain parts of the world.  Usually infections occur when there is some sort of contact with fungal spores.  The more frightening fungal infections, in my opinion, are the ones that you did not know you got while traveling abroad.  One such fungal infection is Lobomycosis, also known as Lobo's disease.


General Description: 
Lobomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin.  Other names used when referring to this infection are Lobo's disease, Jorge Lobo blastomycosis (referring to the man who discovered this infection), and miraip or piraip (which means "burning" in the native language of the Tupi in Brazil).  The infection can be characterized by slow-growing bumps, papules, and nodules on exposed skin and other lesions.  Interestingly, human and dolphins most commonly acquire this infection.

Locations: 
Lobomycosis is most commonly seen in the tropical regions of Latin America.  Most of the cases of this infection happen in Brazil, due to the immense amounts of tropical rain forests.  Other locations also affected are Mexico, Peru, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, and very rarely the United States and Canada.  The areas where there is the most rainfall and humid climate are the areas with the greatest chance of contracting the disease.

Infection Method: 
The infection is contracted by introducing the fungal spores into a lesion in the skin.  This can happen by having an open wound and infecting it with the spores or by penetrating the skin with a sharp object which had the fungal spores.  The fungal spores are slow-growing and can stay in the human body for sometime before expanding.  After days or months, the bumps and nodules begin to grow out of the infected area, and continue to grow slowly for a period of 40-50 years!  This infection only affects the skin and no internal organ.  There has been some cases where the lymph nodes have been infected, but it is uncommon.  Lobomycosis does not transmit between individuals.

Symptoms: 
The main symptom with this infection is a burning sensation in the lesion area.  The bumps are not attached deeply in the skin and the lesions may look shiny or discolored.  Other than these symptoms, not many other complications have been reported.  There is some speculation that lobomycosis causes immunodeficiency problems, but this is not known for certain.

Treatment: 
There is no definite cure for this infection.  If detected at an early stage, it can be treated with surgery.  Some anti-fungal medication may reduce the infection but will not remove the infection entirely.

Final Thoughts: 
Although not a deadly infection, this uncommon fungal infection can be quite worrisome when you read about it.  When a person becomes infected, they might not know they carry the fungus for months and when the symptoms begin to show, it might be too late to rid the infection.  The bumps that arise from the infected areas can be mistaken for a pimple or growth and someone may not pay full attention to them.

The majority of the people infected are native residents of Brazil and South America.  This is because they work in the amazon daily and it is inevitable to not get injuries from trees and tools.  My recommendation is that if you travel to South America and plan to explore the tropical rain forests, take clothing to protect your skin from scratches with vegetation.  Also, there has been cases where people become infected from standing under small waterfalls.  The skin can become damaged and the water may contain fungal spores.  As long as you protect your skin, you should be fine from this infection!

I hope you found this information interesting and useful!  Comment what you think of this condition or if you have anything to say regarding this infection.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1081399/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lobomycosis
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1092451-overview#a5

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